Steven Cottingham

THE MAKING OF A CYBERPUNK MASTERPIECE: CHAIN-LINK

A standout feature of the Slot Machinima program at MMF MMXXIV was the European debut of Steven Cottingham’s As Far as the Drone Can See. This remarkable 15-minute work delves into the intricate landscape of depicting warfare, offering a critical view on the surge of imagery from modern conflict zones. Cottingham introduces a female journalist within the military simulation software ArmA 3, challenging prevailing gender biases and probing the capacity of digital simulations to capture the nuanced realities of conflict. To fully appreciate his new work, it is useful to return toChain-Link, Cottingham’s remarkable full-length machinima, showcased on the VRAL platform in 2022.

The inception of Chain-Link can be traced back to the artist’s fascination with the creative possibilities inherent in the medium of machinima. As he explained in this interview, he views the genre as a blend of found footage and digital puppetry, where the constraints of the video game’s mechanics necessitate creative and often counterintuitive workarounds, imbuing the process with a unique form of ingenuity. This engagement with the medium allows for a reworking of game worlds into narratives that diverge significantly from their original contexts. Cottingham draws upon a wide array of influences, from the choreographic to the cinematic, to repurpose the virtual landscapes of video games into a canvas for storytelling.

At the heart of Chain-Link lies the tension between creativity and constraint, a theme that resonates both within the film’s narrative and its production process. The characters navigate a world where surveillance and control pervade every aspect of existence, mirroring the constraints Cottingham himself navigated in creating the film. This theme is not just a narrative device but also a reflection on the process of machinima, where the limitations imposed by the game engine and the available mods and add-ons prompt a constant negotiation with the material at hand…

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Matteo Bittanti

Works cited

Steven Cottingham

Chain-link, single-channel HD video, comprising machinima, 3D animation, and found footage with sound, 90’ 1”, 2022, Canada

Steven Cottingham

As Far As The Drone Can See, single channel HD Video, comprising machinima, 3D animation, and found footage with sound, 15’ 50”, 2023, Canada

Steven Cottingham, Liljana Mead Martin

MACHINE CINEMA, The making of Chain-Link, digital video, color, sound, 12’ 03”, 2023, Canada


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MMF MMXXIV: SLOT MACHINIMA

Image: Dall-e 3

The Milan Machinima Festival MMXXIV presents Slot Machinima, a new exhibition that showcases the growing relevance of machinima as a cutting-edge form of video art. Curated by Matteo Bittanti, this immersive exhibition features eight thought-provoking installations by international artists who push the boundaries of creative expression using video game engines.

Slot machinima

March 11-15 2024 09:00 - 18:00

Contemporary Exhibition Hall

IULM 6, IULM University

Via Carlo Bo 7, 20143 Milano

official website

curated by Matteo Bittanti

artists: Adonis Archontides, Steven Cottingham, Kara Güt, Thomas Hawranke, Andy Hughes, Carson Lynn, Stephan Panhans and Andrea Winkler, Bram Ruiter.

The exhibition’s title alludes to the elements of chance, repetition, and the blurring of reality and fiction inherent in both slot machines and the narrative structures of the exhibited works. As viewers navigate the expansive 800-square-meter Contemporary Exhibition Hall at IULM University, they are transported into surreal and often unsettling virtual worlds that challenge perceptions of reality, fiction, and the boundaries between the two. The curator eschews a rigid, linear presentation of the works, instead favoring an approach that embraces randomness and fluidity, creating an immersive context more akin to a video installation format than a traditional cinematic formula. The exhibition space is reminiscent of Plato’s cave, where visitors encounter works that blend the real and the virtual, the familiar and the uncanny. The carefully curated selection of machinima works, each with its own unique aesthetic and narrative style, invites viewers to question the nature of reality and the role of technology in shaping our perceptions. By embracing the unpredictable and the non-linear, Slot Machinima encourages active engagement and personal interpretation, allowing each visitor to construct their own narrative journey through the exhibition.

The comparison to slot machines extends beyond the element of chance; it also speaks to the addictive nature of the works on display, or rather, their source. Just as slot machines are designed to keep players engaged through a combination of anticipation, reward, and repetition, the machinima works in Slot Machinima draw viewers in with their mesmerizing visuals, compelling narratives, and the promise of new discoveries around every corner, which are the main ingredients of video games. In short, the exhibition becomes a space where visitors can lose themselves in the virtual worlds created by the artists, blurring the lines between the real and the imagined.

Ultimately, Slot Machinima challenges traditional notions of art consumption and presentation. By embracing randomness, interactivity, and the immersive qualities of video installations, the curator invites visitors to become active participants in the construction of meaning. The exhibition serves as a testament to the power of machinima as an art form, showcasing its ability to create compelling, thought-provoking experiences that push the boundaries of what is possible in the realm of digital storytelling. Key themes include the representation of warfare in the digital age, the complexities of human intimacy in virtual spaces, and the nature of control and agency in digital environments.

Steven Cottingham’s As far as the drone can see navigates the complex terrain of warfare representation, highlighting the critical perspective on the flood of images emerging from contemporary conflict zones. By introducing a female journalist character into the military simulation software ArmA 3, Cottingham challenges gender biases and explores the potential of digital simulations to represent the complex realities of conflict. European premiere. 

Kara Güt’s Lurker1 delves into the contours of human intimacy as shaped by the digital era, documenting the journey of a Twitch user practicing speedrunning while engaging with a sole chat participant. The work explores themes of constructed detachment from reality and power dynamics within virtual spaces. European premiere. 

Andy Hughes’s Inner Migration takes viewers on an exhilarating ride through Cyberpunk 2077’s Night City, juxtaposing dystopian game footage with archival films to contrast past visions of utopia with the harsh realities of a world under corporate dominance. The piece prompts reflection on the disparity between historical optimism and the current global situation, suggesting that for some, the dystopian imagery may already be a reality. World premiere.

Carson Lynn’s A bronze anvil falls to the earth. merges gameplay with performance art, transporting viewers into a chthonic realm where a solitary avatar engages in fierce combat with monstrous creatures. The intense battles serve as a metaphor for the LGBTQ+ community's real-world struggles against oppression, emphasizing the significance of perseverance and the quest for acceptance. European premiere. 

Thomas Hawranke’s seminal work Play as Animals offers a unique perspective on the virtual world of Grand Theft Auto V by focusing on the often-overlooked animal characters. Originally presented as a two-channel installation, the work is now showcased as a single-channel video that assembles YouTube clips, video sequences, and sound fragments to create a compelling narrative. By stepping into the roles of these non-human characters, players are invited to view the game’s world through a fresh lens, challenging established norms and inviting a reevaluation of their interaction with the virtual environment.

Bram Ruiter’s Infinite Skies, a machinima created during his film school years, explores themes of grief and purgatory. Set against the expansive, generative landscapes of Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, the work marks an early milestone in Ruiter’s journey into avantagrade filmmaking. Revisited and remastered in 2024, but never seen before in an exhibition space, Infinite Skies showcases Ruiter’s evolving appreciation for the intricate exploration of complex themes through the medium of machinima. World premiere. 

Adonis Archontides’s Ya gotta wob’ere! Ya gotta wob’ere! (Don't give up! Keep trying!) (2019) is the third installment of a trilogy developed within The Sims 4 between 2018 and 2020, alongside Za woka genava (I think you are hot) (2019) and Sulsul! Plerg Majah Bliff? (Hello! Can I do something else please?) (2018). In these works, Archontides crafts challenging scenarios for Non-Player Characters (NPCs), exploring the challenges of our increasingly digital existence.

Stefan Panhans and Andrea Winkler’s »If You Tell Me When Your Birthday Is« (Machinima version) is a single-channel video that delves into the intricacies of communication with artificial intelligence in the modern age. The work features a series of absurdist dialogues between the artists and various AI chatbots, juxtaposed against surreal landscapes created using the video game engine Unity. Throughout the piece, Panhans and Winkler explore themes of intimacy, authenticity, and the search for genuine connection in a world saturated with artificial intelligence. By incorporating this work into the exhibition, the curator invites viewers to consider the complex relationship between humans and artificial intelligence, and the ways in which our interactions with AI shape our understanding of ourselves and others. Panhans and Winkler’s playful work serves as a thought-provoking commentary on the challenges and possibilities of communication in the digital age, and the ongoing negotiation between authenticity and artificiality in our daily lives.

Slot Machinima highlights the growing significance of machinima as a powerful tool for artistic expression and critical inquiry. By appropriating and repurposing video game engines of popular “Triple A productions” such as Grand Theft Auto V, Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, Cyberpunk 2077, Dark Souls III, ArmA3 and The Sims, these artists create compelling aesthetic experiences that blur the lines between the virtual and the real, inviting viewers to question the nature of their own existence in an increasingly digital world. The exhibition stands as a testament to the limitless potential of machinima as an avant-garde medium, pushing the boundaries of contemporary video art.

Read more about the 7th edition of the Milan Machinima Festival

MMF MMXXIV: STEVEN COTTINGHAM

We are thrilled to reveal that Steven Cottingham’s latest work, As far as the drone can see, will be showcased in the upcoming edition of the Milan Machinima Festival.

With As far as the drone can see, Steven Cottingham navigates the complex terrain of warfare representation in the digital age, specifically through the lens of the military simulation software, ArmA 3, and its exclusion of female figures. Highlighting a critical perspective on the flood of images emerging from contemporary conflict zones, the artist questions the authenticity of such visuals, noting that some are generated from ArmA 3, which despite its realistic military portrayal, omits women entirely. Cottingham’s film intervenes by using open-source modifications to introduce a female journalist character into the game, engaging with a genderfluid guerrilla group. This narrative seeks to challenge the game’s gender biases and explore the potential of digital simulations to represent complex realities of conflict, including gender and power dynamics. The use of a drone symbolizes both an observer’s detachment and an omnipresent witness to these dynamics, suggesting a reflection on how conflict and its representation are inseparably entwined with media.

Steven Cottingham is an artist deeply engaged with the notions of virtual realism and visualization politics. His work critically examines the influence of emerging image technologies - including bodycams, surveillance advertising, military simulation software, and AI in prisons - on social behavior. Through filmworks and video essays likeA Camera Captures Images, A Court Sets Them Free and Postphotorealism, Cottingham explores the circulation of images and their impact on law enforcement and public perception, emphasizing the constructed nature of imagery to uncover the societal and technological processes that create meaning. His practice, which incorporates computer vision, animal crypsis, and documentary methods, invites a reevaluation of life under surveillance. Cottingham’s contributions have been recognized in venues such as Wil Aballe Art Projects, The 8th Floor, and The Polygon Gallery, among others. He co-edited the periodical QOQQOON (2018-2021) and participated in the Whitney Independent Study Program (2021-2022). Based in Vancouver, Canada, his work is supported by the Canada Council for the Arts and the BC Arts Council, highlighting his critical exploration of modern image-making and its societal effects. His monumental work Chain Link was featured on VRAL in 2022.

Read more about the 7th edition of the Milan Machinima Festival

ARTICLE: A CLOSER LOOK AT STEVEN COTTINGHAM'S CHAIN-LINK

The Warden, still from Steven Cottingham’s Chain-link, 2022.

THE MOST PRESSING QUESTION ON EVERYBODY’S MIND IS: WHAT IS CHAIN-LINK, EXACTLY? ALSO: HOW IS THIS THING EVEN POSSIBLE?

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Here are seven possible answers (warning: spoilers ahead).

First, Steven Cottingham’s monumental machinima is a penetrating commentary on carceral capitalism, after the title of a seminal collection of essays by Jackie Wang for Semiotext(e)'s Intervention series about the ideology and practice of incarceration in America, including - but not limited to - predatory policing, the political economy of fees and fines, cybernetic governance, and algorithmic policing. On a narrative level, these themes are introduced through the converging stories of Genysys 3 Copy 2 aka "Copy" - a cloned human with the ability to hack & hijack corporate drones - and Matisse, a black hacker who (allegedly) forges cryptoart tokens.

The two meet in prison and, after some initial distrust, become (more than) friends and partners-in-crime. They share more than their cell. We also meet the mysterious The Warden - a White woman in suit-and-heels whose priorities seem to go beyond the simple management of the prison - and her subordinate, The Counselor, a black officer who somehow naively believes in the “correctional” purpose of the facility she supervises. Most of the action takes place within the walls of New Jericho’s maximum security prison. However, we soon understand that, in Cottingham's world, there is no real difference between the inside and the outside: Matisse argues that everyone is being surveilled. At all time. Thus, being imprisoned and being free is just a matter of semantics: the "algos" make sure that everything runs “smooth” and don't cause any trouble. In other words, control is omnipresent, predictive, and repressive: the police actively suppress any social gatherings by showing up en masse in what remains public spaces even before people start to gather. And when the protesters do eventually show up as predicted by the machinic pre-cogs, their game is over.

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Matteo Bittanti

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EVENT: STEVEN COTTINGHAM (NOVEMBER 18 - DECEMBER 1 2022, ONLINE)

Chain-link

single-channel HD video (1920 x 1080, MPEG-4 AAC, H.264) comprising machinima, 3D animation, and found footage with sound, 90’ 1”, 2022, Canada

Created by Steven Cottingham

WORLD PREMIERE

Bruce Sterling famously stated that the future is “old men, in cities, afraid of the sky”. In Steven Cottingham’s cyberpunk masterpiece filmed with/in an unrecognizable Grand Theft Auto V, Chain-link, the future is even more nightmarish: pervasive surveillance, carceral capitalism, and techno-feudalism.

Steven Cottingham is an artist based in Vancouver. His work concerns the politics of visualization. Recent exhibitions include Natalia Hug Galerie (Cologne, 2022), Artists Space (New York, 2022), The Polygon Gallery (North Vancouver, 2021), and Catriona Jeffries (Vancouver, 2021). From 2018 to 2021, Cottingham co-edited the art theory periodical QOQQOON, and in 2021–2022 he participated in the Whitney Independent Study Program. Chain–link (2022) is his first feature film.

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