Hardly Working

SXSW: GRAND THEFT HAMLET, OR ALL THE VIRTUAL WORLD’S A STAGE

Premiering at SXSW in Austin, Texas, Grand Theft Hamlet garnered acclaim from both critics and audiences alike. In this compelling segment from The Digital Room (2023), produced by Mark Ager, Sam Crane delves into the creation of this remarkable documentary.

In Grand Theft Hamlet (2024), filmmakers Sam Crane and Pinny Grylls chronicle an audacious project: the production of Shakespeare’s Hamlet within the virtual landscapes of Grand Theft Auto Online amid the isolation of the 2021 COVID-19 lockdowns. Crane, also known by his stage moniker Rustic Mascara and esteemed for his performances in London’s West End, embarks on an innovative journey into digital spaces, seeking new horizons for artistic expression. His pioneering venture was lauded with Critics’ Choice Award at the 2022 edition of the Milan Machinima Festival for his avant-garde short, We Are Such Stuff As Dreams Are Made On (2021), marking a significant milestone in fusing game technology with classical theater. This endeavor introduces a contemporary lens to the interpretation of Shakespearean works. Alongside Crane, Grylls, a renowned documentary filmmaker with a penchant for human-centered narratives, navigates the uncharted territories of a virtual milieu. Her extensive background in ethnographic video work is a testament to her versatility, illustrating the evolving demands on documentary filmmakers to adapt and innovate within digital landscapes, thereby expanding the scope of narrative storytelling.

This groundbreaking work not only pioneers new avenues of artistic expression but also sheds light on the profound social and cultural repercussions of the pandemic on the creative sectors, alongside the pivotal role of video games in nurturing social bonds. Prior to delving into the filmmakers’ inventive methodologies, the technical hurdles they faced, and the distinctive experiences of the directors, it’s crucial to underscore that Grand Theft Hamlet stands as a paragon within an emergent genre of documentaries. These documentaries leverage video games or virtual platforms as their central narrative canvas, treating digital worlds with the gravitas of real-world settings. This exploration delves into the rich social and creative potential of virtual realms, emphasizing how these platforms can be a crucible for connection, collaboration, and artistic expression. Examples of such game video essays include the award-winning Knit’s Island (shot in DayZ, 2023), We Met in VR Chat (shot in VR Chat, 2022), Total Refusal’s Hardly Working (shot in Red Dead Redemption 2, 2022), and others that we have previously discussed and/or presented either on VRAL or at the Milan Machinima Festival. Many of these documentaries intricately weave narratives around the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, illustrating how virtual environments emerged as sanctuaries of community and purpose amid widespread isolation. The pandemic, while presenting unparalleled challenges, also sparked a surge in creative and intermedia experimentation, bridging the gap between traditional and digital art forms. This renaissance is vividly captured through the filmmakers’ journey, exploring new frontiers, navigating technical complexities, and bringing to light the unique perspectives of its creators.

(continues)

Matteo Bittanti


Works Cited

Sam Crane, Pinny Grylls, Grand Theft Hamlet, documentary, 90’, 2024, United Kingdom. URL

Associate writer-director: Mark Oosterveen. 

Production: A Project 1961, Grasp the Nettle Films production, in association with Park Pictures.

Producers: Julia Ton, Rebecca Wolff. 

Executive producers: Sam Bisbee, Jackie Kellman Bisbee, Cody Ryder, Will Clarke, Andy Mayson, Mike Runagall, Sam Crane, Harlene Freezer, Eric Kuhn, Hannah Bush Bailey, Shanida Scotland.

Crew: Directors, writers: Sam Crane, Pinny Grylls. 

Camera: Pinny Grylls. Editor: Pinny Grylls.

Music: Jamie Perera.

Sam Crane, We Are Such Stuff As Dreams Are Made On, 10’, 2021, United Kingdom. URL


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MMF MMXXIII UPDATE: HARDLY WORKING BY TOTAL REFUSAL

The labor of game


Hardly Working

Total Refusal, machinima, 20’ 30”, Austria, 2022

Join us for an exclusive screening at the Museum of Interactive Cinema in Milanas part of Neither Artificial Nor Intelligent program, Milan Machinima Festival 2023 on March 25 2023 at 4 pm (directions)



Total Refusal’s latest work, Hardly Working, is shedding light on the lives of non-player characters (NPCs) in video games. The machinima, which premiered at the Locarno International Film Festival in the Summer 2022 alongside a terrific performance by the collective, explores the daily lives of these NPCs — characters that are typically in the background of video games — and the work they do to create the illusion of a bustling digital world.

With ethnographic accuracy and maniacal detail, Hardly Working follows the routines and activity patterns of NPCs, including a laundress, a stable boy, a street sweeper, and a carpenter. These characters are portrayed as Sisyphus machines, trapped in a cycle of labor that is analogous to work under capitalism, with its relentless pursuit of “bullshit jobs” (David Graber).

Hardly Working has received massive critical acclaim, winning the Best Direction Award and the Junior Jury Award at the Locarno International Film Festival. It has also been screened at several other festivals around the world, including the Vancouver International Film Festival, the Black Canvas Festival de Cine Contemporáneo in Mexico, and the Festival du Nouveau Cinema in Canada.

Other screenings include the Seminci - Valladolid International Film Festival in Spain, the VIENNALE in Austria, the Filmmaker Film Festival in Italy (where it won the Premio della Giuria Award), and the IKF Internationale Kurzfilmtage Winterthur in Switzerland. Hardly Working has also been screened at the KFFK/Kurzfilmfestival Köln N°16 in Germany, the Bosphorus Film Festival in Turkey, the Uppsala International Short Film Festival in Sweden, and the PÖFF Shorts in Estonia.

Hardly Working has also won several awards, including the Best Austrian Animation ASIFA Award and Audience Award at the Best Austrian Animation Festival in Austria, the Best Screenplay Award at the Usak Film Festival in Turkey, and the Best Concept Award at the Winter Apricots: Prilep International Film Festival in Macedonia. It has also been screened at the Max Ophüls Preis in Germany, the Vilnius Internation Short Film Festival in Lithuania, the FIPA Doc International Documentary Film Festival in France, and the Stuttgarter Filmwinter in Germany.

In 2020, the Milan Machinima Festival screened How to Disappear (2020), “a game video essay on the nature of war - both real, that is, unmediated, and remediated through ludic means”, and in 2021, the collective’s short Featherfall was featured in season 01 of VRAL.

Hardly Working is a fascinating look at the lives of NPCs in video games and the commentary it offers on the nature of work under capitalism. Its success at festivals around the world suggests that audiences are interested in exploring these themes and are eager to see more from Total Refusal, a self-described pseudo-marxist media guerilla that explores and practices strategies for artistic intervention in contemporary computer games. It works with tools of appropriation and rededication of game assets.

Matteo Bittanti

Read more about Hardly Working

Read an interview with Total Refusal (2021) about Featherfall, dreams, and simulations

Read Regine Debatty’s review

Trailer

The artists

The self described pseudo-marxist media guerilla Total Refusal explores and practices strategies for artistic intervention in contemporary computer games. It works with tools of appropriation, manipulation, and decontextualization of game assets. Their films and performances have been presented in several festivals and museums around the world, including the MOMA in New York and the Locarno Film Festival. Total Refusal’s current members are Susanna Flock Adrian Jonas Haim, Jona Kleinlein, Robin Klengel, Leonhard Müllner and Michael Stumpf.

Total Refusal, photo by Sarah Fichtinger, 2022

Hardly Working

Total Refusal, machinima, 20’ 30”, Austria, 2022

Milan Machinima Festival MMXXIII

Saturday March 25 2023, from 4 pm

MIC - Museo INTERATTIVO DEL CINEMA

Fondazione Cineteca Italiana

Manifattura Tabacchi - Viale Fulvio Testi 121, 20162 Milano 

NEWS: TOTAL REFUSAL WINS BEST DIRECTOR AWARD AT THE LOCARNO FILM FESTIVAL ("PARDI DI DOMANI")

TOTAL REFUSAL’S HARDLY WORKING (2021) WON THE BEST DIRECTOR’S AWARD IN THE PARDI DI DOMANI SHORT FILM COMPETITION AT THE 2022 LOCARNO FILM FESTIVAL

A pungent critique on the labor conditions of NPCs in open world games — and specifically Red Dead Redemption 2 — Hardly Working is a meta-documentary on what would be called “extras” in a cinematic production: NPCs or non-player characters. In fact, the narrative function of such characters is limited, if not marginal and they seem to have no real agency or autonomy.

Hardly working is a 20 minute “ethnographic exploration of the work and daily life of non-player characters, the digital extras in video games. Their labor loops, activity patterns as well as bugs and malfunctions paint a vivid analogy for work under capitalism.”

As the artists explain:

Here a laundress, a stableman, a street sweeper, and a handyman are the four main characters of this film. With ethnographic precision, the film observes their daily work: a rhythm composed of loops that makes them work daily and tirelessly. Their work neither results in a product, nor does it change anything about their status quo. In light of Hannah Arendt description of ‘animal laborans’ – in contrast to the acting subject –, the NPCs as individuum are an exaggeration as their work performance actually manifests their status.

The Pardi di Domani competition is described by the curators as “a territory for expressive experimentation and innovative formal poetry, [which] showcases short and medium length films as world or international premieres. The section consists of three competitions: Concorso internazionale, with works by emerging filmmakers from all over the world; Concorso nazionale, for Swiss productions; and Concorso Corti d’autore, with short works by established directors.” This year, the Best Auteur Short Film was awarded to Big Bang by Carlos Segundo and the Best International Short Film prize went to Sovereign by Wara. Total Refusal’s well deserved award from one of the world’s most prestigious film festivals, is a major recognition for machinima as a form of art.

Originally founded by Robin Klengel, Leonhard Müllner and Michael Stumpf, Total Refusal describes itself as “a pseudo-marxist media guerilla focused on the artistic intervention and appropriation of mainstream video games. We upcycle video games in order to reveal the political apparatus beyond the glossy and hyperreal textures of this media.”

Read more about Hardly Working

Red more about Total Refusal

Images and videos courtesy of the Artists